Mark A. Maslin, John Lang, Fiona Harvey
A short history of the successes and failures of the international climate change negotiations
The yearly Conferences of the Parties (COPs) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have become real “mega-events”, attracting tens of thousands of participants each year. The last COP, COP29, held in Baku, Azerbaijan, in November 2024, for example, was attended by just under 30,000 participants, about half of whom represented states (note that these numbers exclude [...]
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